{"id":249855,"date":"2024-03-01T14:57:28","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T14:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jobtechalliance.com\/?p=249855"},"modified":"2024-03-18T06:49:44","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T06:49:44","slug":"what-is-a-job-pt-2-lessons-from-the-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/2024\/03\/01\/what-is-a-job-pt-2-lessons-from-the-data\/","title":{"rendered":"What is \u2018a job\u2019? Pt 2: Lessons from the data"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>By Jared Adema and Chris Maclay<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Summary of Part 1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In our <a href=\"https:\/\/jobtechalliance.com\/what-is-a-job-how-to-measure-job-creation-on-jobtech-platforms-in-africa\/\">first blog on this topic<\/a>, we explained how we measure job creation on jobtech platforms in Africa. If you want the summary, read the box below; if not, feel free to jump over:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>We explained how we chose to \u2018count jobs\u2019 based on: <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"> <\/span><br>* <strong>Inclusion criteria:<\/strong> the minimum standards for a platform to consider a job as&nbsp; \u2018created\u2019 or \u2018improved\u2019<br>* <strong>Exclusion criteria:<\/strong> While the above helps us to define what is \u2018in\u2019, we also need to consider what is \u2018out\u2019. We ringfence which jobs we believe we have contributed to.<br>* <strong>Hidden hierarchies:<\/strong> In some cases, there may be hidden jobs created beyond platform data e.g. one carpentry workshop is listed on a platform, but 10 individuals could be working in that shop<br><br><span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">To define thresholds for monthly income for \u2018good enough\u2019, we considered two major considerations for inclusion criteria  <\/span><br>* <strong>Income level (per month)<\/strong><br>&#8211; <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Equal to or more than the minimum wage in the country of operation, with consideration for geography<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">within the country.<\/span><br>&#8211; <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">For part-time work, the hourly rate must be commensurate with the hourly rate of minimum wage in<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">that country. We don\u2019t consider anything below $30\/month as sufficient to count as a job, regardless of<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">the number of hours worked. <\/span><br>&#8211; <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">We look at net income by accounting for the lost costs of delivering e.g. net profit for entrepreneurs, and considering the cost of fuel\/car in ride-hailing. <\/span><br>&#8211; <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">We consider the contribution to the overall livelihood portfolio to judge the right levels of income (for<\/span> <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">example, $30 part-time work could be valuable to someone otherwise unemployed or unskilled but<\/span> would not be a valuable contribution to someone already with a business generating $1,000 a month).<br> <br>* <strong>Timeframe \/ Regularity<\/strong><br>&#8211; We choose a suitable regularity of income before we count the job. Initially, we considered this to be 3 months of consecutive income above our threshold or three months in six months if the work was particularly \u201clumpy.\u201d<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lessons from the data<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>In the last blog, we mentioned that we would keep updating our model based on findings from our work. Having recently completed a process of collecting and analyzing data from over 40,000 users from 13 platforms, we\u2019ve learned that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>While a lot of users earn from the platforms, only a small proportion hit our thresholds of &#8216;what good looks like&#8217;<\/strong>. This validates the importance of having a higher bar than just &#8216;anyone earning income&#8217;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobtechalliance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1.-Variation-of-earnings-to-quality-earnings.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-249977\" title=\"Chart\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Most gig platform users earned intermittent income &#8211; this means that they\u2019re not earning consistently each month, but instead experiencing fluctuations in the regularity of the months with earnings.<\/strong> We recognized that our \u2018rule of thumb\u2019 for regularity of income (earning the same amount each month for three months in a row) therefore, does not accurately represent how most young people engage with platforms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobtechalliance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2.-How-intermittent-is-the-income.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-249978\" title=\"Chart\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We heard similar findings from qualitative conversations to better understand this phenomenon. We learned that the reasons for this were both at the user level and business model level:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>User reasons\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201c\u2026 during the festive season [December] people leave Kampala and go to their villages\u2026.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u2018as users grow their businesses, they actually order bigger amounts less regularly as they\u2019re not consistently managing cash flow\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>&#8220;I used to just do it on the weekends, but then I got a bit busy [with an internship] so I have less time for it&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cI have three jobs\u2026 Personally, I prefer to have multiple jobs &#8211; it&#8217;s more fulfilling.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cIn 12 months you&#8217;d maybe be busy for four months. But the pay is good &#8211; in those four months, it could sustain you for the year&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u2026 and business reasons.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cEven for us as a business, we do not onboard new riders during [festive season] because the chances of churning are higher\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201c[For a creator platform] you earn 70%+ of your year\u2019s income the month after you drop an album. After that, it tails off\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201c[The nature of our work means work for users is irregular] Towards the end of last year, we had one [project] that was specific for fish traders and they were way not near urban areas\u2026 We do have gigs in Kenya, but they may not be in your locality\u2026 [We advise users that] When the gigs come, do as many as you can, make as much money as you can\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>We found that users might be earning our target income thresholds, but not with our target regularity. <\/strong>While our threshold for \u2018what is a job\u2019 was based on earning the same amount each month for three months (say, $50\/month), we saw that people were earning that threshold over three or six months (ie. $150 or $300 over six months), but just not concurrently. In other words, they could be earning our target income levels but not with our target regularity. We categorized these patterns we were seeing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobtechalliance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3.-Regularity-without-methodology-selection.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-249979\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>One of the most common phenomena we saw was people earning income intensively over a shorter defined period but not regularly.<\/strong><br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jobtechalliance.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4.-Job-counts-by-various-methodologies-fir-gig-platforms-only.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-249980\" title=\"Chart\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In other words, three month\u2019s worth of threshold income earned within a period of six months was the most common pattern of participation on platforms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/4-EMUjy-DnUhsQzoT0Ps572sjym5Be-bKTRT0tyGmjcufAk0-oBQ5TyS2sl-qVcnS2B7J90D25ZEAJAQM1eNE4To1_cXHj_MEGmcljC1FuqVEmdsy3mJc25odDDdAUcLakLRz7h4pREgx67V4k-sSyQ\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What does this practically mean for us?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>We concluded that three months\u2019 worth of target income in six months is the best-fit new rule of thumb. We believe that this would offer the best combination of:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Platform utilization patterns:<\/strong> Recognition of the intermittency of how users engage with platforms&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Balancing of intermittency with regularity<\/strong>: At the same time, taking into consideration a half-year duration of engagement that keeps everything within a time limit scope and ensures a \u2018density\u2019 of income<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Caveats and areas for further exploration<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on insights from BCG\u2019s piece on <a href=\"https:\/\/media-publications.bcg.com\/India-Gig-Economy-Report.pdf\">Unlocking the Potential of the Gig Economy in India<\/a>, (thanks for flagging <a href=\"https:\/\/in.linkedin.com\/in\/rahil-rangwala-impactinv\">Rahil<\/a> from Accion Venture Lab!), it could be that this distribution varies based on the personas of users, the nature of the industry, and the types of platforms that were disproportionately represented in our portfolio. Specifically, it could be that the platforms we\u2019re working with are particularly targeting younger youth or students who come and go, or those providing a secondary income for the households rather than primary. This will be an area for subsequent exploration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Henry Ford said, <em>\u201cAnyone who keeps learning stays young.\u201d<\/em> We still have more to learn of subtleties of the data as the dataset expands, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Do these trends continue over time?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the motivating factors for how users engage with platforms?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How long do users stay with a platform before churning?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the variation by various BCG\u2019s users \u2018personas\u2019 for the African continent (or do we need country-by-country personas)?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Jared Adema and Chris Maclay Summary of Part 1 In our first blog on this topic, we explained how we measure job creation on jobtech platforms in Africa. If you want the summary, read the box below; if not, feel free to jump over: We explained how we chose to \u2018count jobs\u2019 based on: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":252091,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>By Jared Adema and Chris Maclay<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Summary of Part 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In our <a href=\"https:\/\/jobtechalliance.com\/what-is-a-job-how-to-measure-job-creation-on-jobtech-platforms-in-africa\/\">first blog on this topic<\/a>, we explained how we measure job creation on jobtech platforms in Africa. If you want the summary, read the box below; if not, feel free to jump over:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:table -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>We explained how we chose to \u2018count jobs\u2019 based on:\n<ul>\n<br>* Inclusion criteria: the minimum standards for a platform to consider a job as&nbsp; \u2018created\u2019 or \u2018improved\u2019\n<br>* Exclusion criteria: While the above helps us to define what is \u2018in\u2019, we also need to consider what is \u2018out\u2019. We ringfence which jobs we believe we have contributed to.<br>* Hidden hierarchies: In some cases, there may be hidden jobs created beyond platform data e.g. one carpentry workshop is listed on a platform, but 10 individuals could be working in that shop<br>\n\n<br>To define thresholds for monthly income for \u2018good enough\u2019, we considered two major considerations for inclusion criteria \n<br>* Income level (per month) <br>   \n&gt; Equal to or more than the minimum wage in the country of operation, with consideration for geography     <br>       within the country.<br>   \n&gt; For part-time work, the hourly rate must be commensurate with the hourly rate of minimum wage in <br>      that country. We don\u2019t consider anything below $30\/month as sufficient to count as a job, regardless of  <br>      the number of hours worked. <br>   &gt; We look at net income by accounting for the lost costs of delivering e.g. net profit for entrepreneurs, and <br>      considering the cost of fuel\/car in ride-hailing. <br>  \n&gt; We consider the contribution to the overall livelihood portfolio to judge the right levels of income (for   <br>      example, $30 part-time work could be valuable to someone otherwise unemployed or unskilled but <br>      would not be a valuable contribution to someone already with a business generating $1,000 a month).<br>\n\n<br>*Timeframe \/ Regularity<br>   \n&gt; We choose a suitable regularity of income before we count the job. Initially, we considered this to be 3  <br>months of consecutive income above our threshold or three months in six months if the work was   <br>      particularly \u201clumpy.\u201d<\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:table -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lessons from the data<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the last blog, we mentioned that we would keep updating our model based on findings from our work. Having recently completed a process of collecting and analyzing data from over 40,000 users from 13 platforms, we\u2019ve learned that:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>While a lot of users earn from the platforms, only a small proportion hit our thresholds of 'what good looks like'<\/strong>. This validates the importance of having a higher bar than just 'anyone earning income'.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/7Qdvp1MrjKIMmwU2ukY2sfLKqO2WCDFlbVXgoFaptMYsRIgitPzXMI7pq5T-xUoyvD7Tjhb_gJexXvp0HPzWhZI6fFbKAT1920TnzHXl_N8PUmPF42sUoKOSYIOxcgSHRHkehBugrUyA-DwrwZ1qO-E\" alt=\"\" title=\"Chart\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Most gig platform users earned intermittent income - this means that they\u2019re not earning consistently each month, but instead experiencing fluctuations in the regularity of the months with earnings.<\/strong> We recognized that our \u2018rule of thumb\u2019 for regularity of income (earning the same amount each month for three months in a row) therefore, does not accurately represent how most young people engage with platforms.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/hMmIqKD3xFRBwKxObd9v-gT0dYJr1aYjc7R8Xc5R8Lowpj4QJW-e-HfInYGRulvPaSxJoS-XapR75d9fjMqUOEvEz_i4zkAXw580hJALkq18TTZpxVEMCEtSzG0q5qahLY5BKaDPuqyQcStO7ASTtqc\" alt=\"\" title=\"Chart\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>We heard similar findings from qualitative conversations to better understand this phenomenon. We learned that the reasons for this were both at the user level and business model level:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>User reasons\u2026<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201c\u2026 during the festive season [December] people leave Kampala and go to their villages\u2026.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018as users grow their businesses, they actually order bigger amounts less regularly as they\u2019re not consistently managing cash flow\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\"I used to just do it on the weekends, but then I got a bit busy [with an internship] so I have less time for it\"<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201cI have three jobs\u2026 Personally, I prefer to have multiple jobs - it's more fulfilling.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201cIn 12 months you'd maybe be busy for four months. But the pay is good - in those four months, it could sustain you for the year\"<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><em>\u2026 and business reasons.<\/em><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201cEven for us as a business, we do not onboard new riders during [festive season] because the chances of churning are higher\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201c[For a creator platform] you earn 70%+ of your year\u2019s income the month after you drop an album. After that, it tails off\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201c[The nature of our work means work for users is irregular] Towards the end of last year, we had one [project] that was specific for fish traders and they were way not near urban areas\u2026 We do have gigs in Kenya, but they may not be in your locality\u2026 [We advise users that] When the gigs come, do as many as you can, make as much money as you can\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>We found that users might be earning our target income thresholds, but not with our target regularity. <\/strong>While our threshold for \u2018what is a job\u2019 was based on earning the same amount each month for three months (say, $50\/month), we saw that people were earning that threshold over three or six months (ie. $150 or $300 over six months), but just not concurrently. In other words, they could be earning our target income levels but not with our target regularity. We categorized these patterns we were seeing:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/Ba6TX_t16pupj9Rce2UCMcBAf_vg6FU5KEYL8Rg0UmLG9jPPzCYn9l0Ybf28J3s5GWowTwX8hRatZLRDw-dfVztPq77JLLx4fCtVC0GEdqPWCIKlga8WjIqWOuwlLXuzJtrKDg7010nxRxrC2Fxydvg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>One of the most common phenomena we saw was people earning income intensively over a shorter defined period but not regularly.<\/strong><br><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/Gvx-BIAckbCyRwhjQpz4Nu2ofia4d7VUjUiG3AQZya-XiZwBUAZ87mnb-m1uvwsNj9GFWVxJGlqQr435daKwxPsILybL8XoUAva7TwMVBr-latz0QVlKkP8DYakG9OBCWBFtUjLZbR5rw9L6A4qCt4Q\" alt=\"\" title=\"Chart\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In other words, three month\u2019s worth of threshold income earned within a period of six months was the most common pattern of participation on platforms:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/4-EMUjy-DnUhsQzoT0Ps572sjym5Be-bKTRT0tyGmjcufAk0-oBQ5TyS2sl-qVcnS2B7J90D25ZEAJAQM1eNE4To1_cXHj_MEGmcljC1FuqVEmdsy3mJc25odDDdAUcLakLRz7h4pREgx67V4k-sSyQ\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What does this practically mean for us?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>We concluded that three months\u2019 worth of target income in six months is the best-fit new rule of thumb. We believe that this would offer the best combination of:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Platform utilization patterns:<\/strong> Recognition of the intermittency of how users engage with platforms&nbsp;<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Balancing of intermittency with regularity<\/strong>: At the same time, taking into consideration a half-year duration of engagement that keeps everything within a time limit scope and ensures a \u2018density\u2019 of income<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Caveats and areas for further exploration<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Based on insights from BCG\u2019s piece on <a href=\"https:\/\/media-publications.bcg.com\/India-Gig-Economy-Report.pdf\">Unlocking the Potential of the Gig Economy in India<\/a>, (thanks for flagging <a href=\"https:\/\/in.linkedin.com\/in\/rahil-rangwala-impactinv\">Rahil<\/a> from Accion Venture Lab!), it could be that this distribution varies based on the personas of users, the nature of the industry, and the types of platforms that were disproportionately represented in our portfolio. Specifically, it could be that the platforms we\u2019re working with are particularly targeting younger youth or students who come and go, or those providing a secondary income for the households rather than primary. This will be an area for subsequent exploration.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Henry Ford said, <em>\u201cAnyone who keeps learning stays young.\u201d<\/em> We still have more to learn of subtleties of the data as the dataset expands, including:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Do these trends continue over time?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What are the motivating factors for how users engage with platforms?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>How long do users stay with a platform before churning?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>What is the variation by various BCG\u2019s users \u2018personas\u2019 for the African continent (or do we need country-by-country personas)?<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=249855"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":252223,"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/249855\/revisions\/252223"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/252091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=249855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.jobtechalliance.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=249855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}